The main compressors currently used in the field of small-scale refrigeration and air-conditioning are: reciprocating piston type, rolling rotor type, scroll type, and oscillating rotor; the movement of the piston is the only rotation around its own axis, and the movement of the rotary table is a combination of two movements. : First, the rotation around its own axis, and the other is that its axis always passes through the center of the spherical cylinder, and moves circumferentially on the surface of the cone with the cone angle of 2a and the axis coincides with the axis of the spindle. (ie, the axis of the turntable sweeps over the cone of the cone), the period of movement is synchronized with the period of spindle rotation.

The motion of the above space mechanism is a motion of rotation, so there is no high-vibration moving part. The result of this spatial motion is that the piston and the turntable have a periodic relative swing, and the period of the swing is twice the period of the spindle rotation, and the swing The amplitude is 4a; using this relative oscillation as the basic motion element of the volume change, the rotation of the piston and the cooperation of the spherical surface on the piston body with the inner surface of the spherical cylinder are used as the basic elements for opening and closing all the intake and exhaust ports.

1.2 Advantages of spherical compressor 1.2.1 Reliable seal: Any dynamic seal that needs to prevent leakage of working fluid can be designed with a face-to-face dynamic seal with a considerable width to achieve a reliable sealing effect and become a good lubrication surface. , reduce the leakage of working fluid; 1.2.2 no intake and exhaust valve: no compression and expansion process at all levels need to set the intake and exhaust valves, reduce energy consumption and reduce noise, low cost, good reliability; 1.'2.3 two-phase flow Good, strong hydraulic resistance: Since each working chamber rotates around the axis of the piston, its mechanism structure is favorable for the design of the airway position and the local structure, so that the liquid in the cylinder is smooth under the action of the rotating centrifugal force. Discharge, avoid liquid shock, improve two-phase flow.

1.2.4 Compact structure and few parts: There are still only three moving parts in the realization of multi-stage compression expansion, and the space occupation is small.

1.2.5 Smooth operation, high-speed frequency conversion performance: Because there is no air valve, the parts are well lubricated, no reciprocating parts and moving parts that can cause high vibration, stable operation, high-speed frequency conversion performance; 1.2.6 low energy consumption: Due to the lack of air valve, reliable sealing, less moving parts, and good lubrication of parts, the efficiency is low and the energy consumption is low. 1.2.7 Low manufacturing cost: Since the parts are basically spherical, cylindrical, flat, and small, Therefore, it is easy to manufacture and low in manufacturing cost.

The second part of the flute, by. Refrigerator, K shrink and. Fang Tai 1.3 movement and dynamic analysis settings: 6 - spindle angle; - the angle of rotation of the piston around its axis, ¢ 1 - the angle of rotation of the turntable around its axis; - spindle speed; - the speed of the plug around its axis; a piston Angular acceleration; - rotational speed of the turntable around its axis; decay dt - turntable angular acceleration; a - angle between the piston axis and the axis of the turntable and the axis of the spindle; V - working volume (two working chambers symmetrically per stage, volume change) The period is 720°, and the phase difference is 360°). It is obtained from the motion and dynamic analysis of the space mechanism: at (5), K is the structural constant, and K is a fixed value after the structural size is determined.

In Fig. A, the graph of a is 5°, 10°, and 20°, respectively: 1.4.1 From the above motion analysis, it is known that the rotation of the piston and the turntable about its own axis in the spherical compressor is not Uniform, this is also the only factor that causes the vibration of the spherical compressor. However, it can be seen from the analysis of dynamic characteristics that when the angle a is less than 20°, the value caused by this uneven velocity is very small, so by optimizing the design, selecting the appropriate angle a can make the vibration of the spherical compressor very small. Very good running smoothness.

1.4.2 As can be seen from Figure D, the working volume F=/(the trend of the sentence is very slow at the beginning of the intake or exhaust, this feature is beneficial to use the in-cylinder clearance volume to open on the inner surface of the spherical cylinder The inlet and outlet ports are spaced apart in the circumferential direction by a sufficient distance to prevent helium gas between the high and low pressure chambers.

1.4.3 F = cycle is 72 (T, this feature is conducive to intake and exhaust to obtain a longer time, thereby reducing flow losses, is conducive to airway design.

1.4.4 It can be seen from the structural analysis that the increase of the a angle when the inner diameter of the spherical cylinder is constant is beneficial to the increase of the working volume V, V is proportional to 4a, but the excessive a angle will result in the decrease of the width of the sealing surface and the absence of the piston and the turntable. The uniform rotation increases, so the application should be fully optimized according to different conditions of use.

1.4.5 From the =/) graph, the average rotational speed of the piston and the turntable about its own axis is equal to and less fluctuating when the a angle is less than 20°. Therefore, the frictional speed of the outer surface of the piston and the turntable and the inner surface of the spherical cylinder is substantially proportional to the characteristics of the page, which is particularly advantageous for high-speed frequency conversion.

1.4.6 Since the turntable has a position in motion that causes its axis to coincide with the axis of the piston, and at this position is the mechanism motion transmission dead point, it is possible to set the parking limit device at the appropriate position on the main shaft (magnetic or eccentric cam type) This can be done so that the compressor does not stop at this position during shutdown, and such devices can be placed on the rotor and stator of the motor.

1.4.7 The arrangement of the lubrication system can be conveniently carried out as long as the seal is not broken and no leakage channel is formed.

1.4.8 After the combination of the piston and the piston hinge support is loaded into the spherical cylinder, the nut of the fastening screw forms a void volume with the nut through hole on the piston hinge support and the inner surface of the spherical cylinder, and the void volume exists. Will accumulate working fluids and lubricants. Therefore, it is necessary to set up a special process before the assembly is completed, and to fill the void volume with a suitable material, or to process a special plug filling. At the same time, these fillers and blockers cannot generate large frictional power consumption with the inner surface of the spherical cylinder when the compressor is in operation.

1.4.9 Both the turntable and the main shaft have a mass eccentricity with respect to the spindle axis. The imbalance caused by this eccentricity can be completely balanced by adding the balance block at the outer end of the main shaft or on the rotor of the motor.

1.4.10 It can be seen that the dynamic sealing surface between the air passage and the spindle hole is narrower, but in the fully enclosed structure, the pressure in the main shaft hole and the pressure in the 12 inlet port are intermediate pressures, so it cannot be used here. Become a weak link in the seal.

It can be seen that the 301 air passage is arranged on the surface of the piston body, which has the advantage of being easy to manufacture, and has the disadvantage of increasing the length of the leak line; it is also possible to use the 301 air passage not on the piston surface but on the piston body. Open the through hole way, which can reduce the length of the leak line.

1.S application field analysis Compared with compressors of all models, spherical compressors are also limited by their structural characteristics, and there are effective use ranges. These limiting factors are mainly: the relative movement speed of the piston and the surface of the turntable and the inner surface of the spherical cylinder. Should not be too high, this speed will lead to a decrease in mechanical efficiency, so the structure size should not be too large; the vibration caused by the constant rotation of the piston and the turntable wood should not be too high, although this vibration is small when the cr angle is not large, However, if the structural size of the piston and the turntable is too large, the moment of inertia of the part will increase, resulting in an increase in vibration. Therefore, the spherical compressor has good characteristics in the field of small refrigeration and air conditioning, but it is not suitable for large refrigeration and air conditioning.

The manufacturing feasibility of the spherical compressor is characterized in that the main parts need to be machined with a regular plane, spherical or cylindrical surface, which is very advantageous for manufacturing. Individual parts have parts that cannot be rotated, and broaching or other existing methods can be used to ensure machining accuracy and mass production efficiency.

When analyzing the manufacturing feasibility, it is necessary to combine the development level of modern manufacturing industry with the existing products that have been mass-produced. More importantly, it is necessary to consider that such products are not a single-piece small-scale production, but a large-scale industrial manufacturing, and ultimately they are guaranteed by a large number of high-precision special processing and manufacturing methods.

It is impossible to determine the prospect of industrialization in the difficulty of manufacturing a single small batch of prototypes. If analyzed from this point of view, scroll compressors, oscillating rotor compressors, and several other screw compressors are unacceptable. Therefore, everyone is accustomed to the production of such compressors, because a large number of special equipment has been used, and this is an example of technology-driven equipment manufacturing.

The manufacturing difficulty of the spherical compressor is at least lower than that of the scroll compressor. Therefore, as long as the spherical compressor has a breakthrough performance in terms of comprehensive performance, there is no problem in large-scale industrial manufacturing. At the same time, as long as the spherical compressor is accepted by the market, it will definitely be equipped. The manufacturing industry brings new opportunities and drives its development.

The spherical compressor has few parts and no air valve, especially when applied to multi-stage compression and expansion compression conditions. Therefore, the manufacturing cost of the spherical compressor will not be a barrier to widespread application. On the contrary, spherical compression is used in many applications. The machine also has the advantage of low overall cost.

Important application areas Carbon dioxide transcritical cycle spherical compressors can achieve multi-stage compression and expansion in a single cylinder. It can be applied to carbon dioxide transcritical cycle conditions, whether it is single-stage compression belt expansion, secondary compression belt expansion or Under the conditions of multi-stage compression with multi-stage expansion, spherical compressors are extremely competitive. The spherical compressor has good sealing performance, no air valve, few parts, small vibration, good two-phase flow and good high-speed frequency conversion performance. It can provide a compact and stable and efficient integrated expansion compressor for carbon dioxide transcritical cycle.

Refrigerator cycle using HFC, HC working fluid 3.2.1 Conventional single-stage compression cycle: Compared with the reciprocating compressor which is widely used nowadays, the spherical compressor has no intake and exhaust valves, few moving parts, stable operation and reliable sealing. The high-speed frequency conversion performance and strong liquid-resistance ability will improve the overall performance of the refrigerator. 3.2.2 Establish a new type of secondary compression refrigerator cycle: the advantages of spherical compressors in achieving multi-stage compression can strongly support the refrigerator industry to establish a new refrigeration secondary compression zone intermediate cooling cycle. This will greatly reduce the energy consumption of the refrigerator and achieve energy-saving indicators that are difficult to achieve under the existing pressure reduction technology. At the same time, it can improve the comprehensive performance of the refrigerator and greatly improve the market competitiveness of the product.

Other air-conditioning refrigeration cycle ball compressors of HFC and HC working fluids have the advantages of replacing the swing rotor type and the rolling piston type with their own characteristics. The sealing is reliable, the work is stable, there is no intake and exhaust valve, and the liquid-resistant ability is strong. The high-speed frequency conversion performance can bring comprehensive competitiveness.

The advantages of a compact and efficient multi-stage compression of a spherical compressor make it effective for low-temperature refrigeration multi-stage compression cycles.

Technical and economic analysis The preliminary theoretical analysis of the C02 spherical compressor (secondary compression primary expansion) shows that: 4.1 42C02 spherical expansion compressor energy efficiency ratio Cop is higher than all the traditional working medium single-stage compressor 10-30% or more .

The manufacturing difficulty of 4.3C02 spherical expansion compressor is lower than that of scroll type and screw type compressor, and there is no special requirement for the material.

4.4 With all single-stage compressors using conventional working fluids, the manufacturing cost of C02 spherical expansion compressors is lower than that of scroll type > equivalent to reciprocating type; higher than rolling piston type; but if C02 is considered as working medium After saving expensive refrigerant costs, the overall cost of the C02 spherical expansion compressor is lower than all types of compressors.

4.5 Compared with all other known C02 expansion compressors, the manufacturing cost of a spherical expansion compressor is only 20-50%. Conclusion: Spherical compressors are still in the stage of theoretical research, to reach There is still a lot of work to be done in the engineering application stage, and I hope to get guidance and cooperation from experts and scholars. Of course, this cause is also very hopeful to be promoted by entrepreneurs.

Over the past 20 years, the development of China's refrigeration and air-conditioning industry has indeed achieved great achievements. The industrial base and market situation 10-20 years ago determined a large number of complete sets of imported technologies and production lines, which is also in line with the national conditions at that time. However, it should also be noted that in this industry, China has not yet possessed the core technology of the subject in the world. A large amount of research work is the digestion and absorption of imported technologies and products, and many of them are still accustomed to "takenism." "Awaiting a new round of technology and products in foreign countries, we are ready to adopt a set of introduction methods." Different from 10-20 years ago, China's current industrial base, market scale and research and development capabilities have greatly improved in this industry. It also has a profound understanding of the market lessons that are keen to introduce and do not form the core technology of its own main body. . The state also advocates and supports innovation in core technologies in various aspects and supports the development of equipment manufacturing. Therefore, industry insiders should also support each other to form an academic research atmosphere and industrial development ideas that dare to stand out in the world. Entrepreneurs with great strength and development vision are of course the most suitable promoters. I hope that the emergence of spherical compressors can become the driving force. One of the technical elements of industrial selection.

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