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In the past two years, steel prices have soared, making the steel supply downstream industry cry. In this supply chain, the shipbuilding industry is undoubtedly the biggest victim of steel price increases. In the past year of 2005, the shipbuilding industry has spent a lot of years in the ups and downs of steel. Although steel prices began to decline gradually from the middle of the year, this did not bring much pleasure to shipbuilding companies. Although in China, the steel industry and the shipbuilding industry, and even the government, have realized that the steel industry and the shipbuilding industry should form a certain strategic alliance. However, this step has not been fully realized.
"Steel volume" can't keep up with "ship speed"
With the continuous development of China's shipbuilding industry, the demand for steel has put forward new requirements in terms of quality, performance and quantity, variety specifications and delivery methods. This is due to the large-scale shipbuilding in China and the increasing diversification of ship types and uses, as well as the rise of marine buildings. From the perspective of the amount of marine steel, it will gradually increase. In 2002, the national steel ship output was 4.61 million tons, and the consumption of steel was 1.3 million tons. According to this estimate, the demand for steel in the shipbuilding industry in 2010 was about 3.6 million tons.
At present, domestic steel can basically meet the needs of the domestic shipbuilding industry, but there are still some gaps, and some steels still need to be imported. According to some industry insiders feedback from the shipyard, the current production capacity of domestic high-strength marine steel plates is not large enough, and there is still a certain gap with the demand of the shipbuilding industry; some high-quality steel pipes, ball flat steel and unequal thickness angle steel, etc. Profiles still need to be imported, with an annual import volume of about 30,000 tons. In addition, a single steel mill in China has a weak supply capacity. Often the steel required for a ship needs five or six steel mills to supply at the same time. At present, the domestic processing and distribution logistics center for steel supply for the shipbuilding industry is still Not established. Due to the specifications and dimensions of domestic steel, it is not enough to meet the needs of shipbuilding, resulting in low utilization rate of steel in the shipbuilding process. According to statistics, the utilization rate of domestic steel is generally about 80%, while in the Japanese shipbuilding industry, the utilization rate of steel reaches 92% and touches 95%. Furthermore, in the marine equipment matched with shipbuilding, since domestic steel is not satisfied, the situation of importing is also present. For example, forged crankshafts used in diesel engines, one weighing several tens of tons, but domestically produced without such large forged parts, can only be purchased from abroad. As the demand for environmental protection for the shipbuilding industry continues to increase, the steel used in shipbuilding is also growing. As proposed by the International Maritime Organization, this year's new ship will be engaged in a "double-hull hull" to prevent oil spills and pollution. At present, China has adopted a "double-hull hull" when constructing oil tankers. Later, other cargo ships will also be replaced by "double-hull hulls". As a result, the consumption of marine steel will increase significantly.
Although the market price of marine steel is rising, some steel mills are not willing to produce. Because the current ordinary plate on the market is optimistic, the price is rising. Steel mills produce ordinary plate, which has large output and good efficiency. The production of marine steel plates not only has specifications, varieties, small batches, but also high quality requirements. The production process and inspection procedures are relatively complicated. In the current domestic heavy plate market demand and rising prices, some steel mills are more willing to produce ordinary plate, and are reluctant to increase the output of marine steel plates, which is also very natural.
"Steel" "ship" alliance seeks a win-win situation
At present, nearly half of the domestic shipboard market is imported, mainly from Japan and South Korea. However, in the past two years, the price of domestic shipboards has risen, and Japan and South Korea have followed suit, forming internal and external attacks, leaving domestic shipbuilding companies with no room for price repayment. How can steel and shipbuilding achieve a win-win situation and form a community of economic interests? Japan and South Korea have long set an example in this regard. Since the rise in steel prices last year, South Korea’s steel companies, the world’s No. 1 shipbuilding power, have given priority to meeting domestic shipyards on the grounds of “tight domestic demand†and are no longer fulfilling contracts to export shipbuilding steel to China. Although Japanese steel companies have not terminated the contract, the price of marine steel plates sold to domestic companies is 400 US dollars per ton, and the price sold to Chinese enterprises is as high as 700 US dollars per ton.
In fact, although the strategic alliance between shipbuilding and steel has its own difficulties, it is not impossible. At present, steel prices are rising, steel supply is in short supply, shipyards are asking for steel mills, but once steel prices reversed? Steel mills and shipyards should actively negotiate and form alliances. Only in this way can they resist the risk of price fluctuations in domestic and foreign markets.
It is understood that when Japanese steel mills submit steel products to shipbuilding enterprises, according to the shipyard's sectional production plan, processing support, on-time feeding, and even considering which steel plates are used by the shipyards first, then the shipyards will first be loaded. The steel used is placed at the bottom. After the shipyard unloads the goods, the lowest layer of steel plates are placed on the top. The shipyard can first use the top plate of the steel plate to make the Japanese shipyard steel inventory "zero inventory." ". From this small detail, the concept of steel mills serving users is very strong, and the interests of users are everywhere.
The establishment of a mutual promotion and common development relationship between the two industries of steel and shipbuilding will also establish a win-win strategic partnership. Nowadays, in some developed countries in the world, the relationship between shipbuilding and steel is very close. For example, the US National Steel Shipbuilding Company covers these two industries. In some countries in Europe, their steel industry also pre-processes, processes, cuts and even hulls the steel for the shipbuilding industry. Japan's Japanese steel pipe (NKK) also has its own world-class shipyard. In fact, our steel and shipbuilding industries should also start from a win-win situation and form an industrial chain like these countries. For example, Shanghai's Changxing Island Shipbuilding Base, with an 8km long coastal land, will become the world's largest shipbuilding base with an annual output of 8 million tons. In addition, Shanghai Waigaoqiao Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. is also the largest shipbuilding company in Shanghai, and these shipyards are all in the same geographical area with Baosteel. The prospect of cooperation is very broad. As long as innovations are made in systems and mechanisms, new ideas are established, and strategic partnerships are built on a win-win basis, this has far-reaching implications and practical significance for improving the international competitiveness of China's steel industry and shipbuilding industry.
Combining interests to solve steel price problems
Zeng Ming, director of the Propaganda Department of Shanghai Jiangnan Shipbuilding Co., Ltd., said that the price of marine steel plates is still very high, and the price reduction is not very large. Such prices are unfavorable to shipbuilding enterprises, which directly affects the profits of enterprises. . In recent years, it should be said that the development of the shipbuilding industry is the best, the price of the ship has been at the highest level in history, but the company is worried about how long this price will last. China's ship products generally have low added value. Once the world's ship price drops sharply, high steel prices will be fatal injuries in the shipbuilding industry.
In the face of complaints from shipping companies, Chen Changyu, deputy secretary general of the China National Shipbuilding Industry Association, felt the same. He once said, "In the past few years, the shipbuilding industry has just gone up. The price increase of steel products will definitely make it impossible for shipbuilding enterprises. In 2002, the price of marine steel plates was about 2,600 yuan per ton. What is it now? The drop is a drop. However, the price per ton of shipboard is still more than 5,000 yuan." Chen Changyu said that when the interests of steel companies and shipping companies can be closely linked, this problem can be solved.
In fact, more people of insight have long recognized this problem. Zhang Guangqin, deputy director of the National Defense Science and Technology Commission, said at a press conference held by the State Council Information Office that it would support the establishment of strategic alliances between shipping companies and steel companies, so that "when he has difficulties, we support him. When we have difficulties, I hope he can also support us, overcome difficulties and achieve a win-win situation." However, a win-win situation through the establishment of strategic alliances is indeed a good intention of both sides, but this is not the case. Steel prices are completely at market prices, and the behavior of steel companies is also a market behavior. It is almost impossible to achieve steel prices through strategic alliances. However, through the joint efforts of the Iron and Steel Industry Association, the Shipbuilding Industry Association and the enterprises of both sides, the consultation and dialogue methods have achieved certain results in the cooperation between the two sides. For example, in the first half of 2004, marine steel plates were in short supply. After consultations between the two sides, this tension was quickly eased in the second half of 2004. Now the supply of ship plates has fully met the needs of shipbuilding companies, and even a little excess.
Relevant persons said that once the "steel" and "ship" alliances were formed, the two sides of the alliance strengthened their understanding and enabled steel companies to see the development potential of the shipbuilding industry. It is understood that many steel companies have expressed their desire to establish a processing and distribution center with shipbuilding companies. The processing and distribution center is a brand-new concept, because the distribution center can produce and process steel plates on demand, and can be directly applied to the assembly of the hull, which greatly improves production efficiency and saves costs. Strengthening the relationship between steel companies and shipbuilding enterprises has made an important step in realizing mutual wins in both directions. Only when the interests of both parties are combined, the problem of steel prices can be solved.
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When will the shipping industry and the steel industry be "linked"?