Occurrence and Control Strategy of Diseases and Pests in Autumn Crops

I. Occurrence of major pests and diseases 1. Maize pests and diseases (1) Corn leafhoppers: Due to the low temperature in late July, the development of corn leafhoppers was slow, and the amount of earthworms was close to the same period last year. On August 5th, Yongning surveyed 100% of alfalfa strains, 39% of alfalfa leaves, and 76 alfalfa per plant; Zhongning had an alfalfa strain rate of 98.8% in the field survey of August 5 in Zhongning and 76.4% of alfalfa leaves. In 232.8 heads, there was a 100% planting rate in severe plots, a rate of 84.6% in loquat leaves, and 796.8 heads per plant. On August 5, Wu Zhong investigated the planting rate of 100%, the rate of axillary lobes was 59.2%, and the volume of axillary plants was 107.2. The concentric measurement station reported on August 5th that the rate of alfalfa was 100%, the rate of alfalfa was 48.3%, and the number of alfalfa per plant was 134; Pengyang investigated the alfalfa plant rate of 100% and the alfalfa-leaf rate of 46.2%.
(2) Corn leaf spot disease: At present, diseased plants have appeared in the field. Qingtongxia investigated on July 25th, the diseased plant rate was 35%, and the diseased leaf rate was 2.8%.
(3) Maize Double-spot Vivida A: Since the general occurrence in Pengyang County in early July, the Pengyang County Agricultural Technology Center promptly organized investigations to publish pest forecast and collected 10 sets of pesticides through various channels such as limping and borrowing. The electric atomizers underwent unified defense and actively promoted and mobilized intensive insect areas and surrounding farmers to carry out self-defense, effectively controlling the amount of insects in hard-hit areas, and the effect of control was obvious.
2. Rice Diseases and Insect Pests (1) Rice Blast: Helan The rate of sick field investigation was 69.3% on July 30, and the diseased leaf rate was 4.3%; Yongning was 21.2% on August 5, and the diseased leaf rate was 12.8%; Wu Zhong, August On the 5th, the disease rate was 8.7%, and the diseased leaf rate was 3.7%. On August 5th, Zhongning investigated the diseased field rate by 40%, the diseased plant rate was 5.6%, and the diseased leaf rate was 3.4%, but the local high-density and low-lying land was susceptible. Varieties appeared on the center of disease, the diseased plant rate was 100%, and the diseased leaf rate was 64.3%;
(2) Rice planthoppers: Wuzhong, Qingtongxia, Helan and other places have all been jeopardized. Wu Zhong investigated on July 30th, with a wormhole rate of 60%, 10 recombination sites for 118, and Qingtongxia investigation on July 30, 736. Head/hundred plexus.
3. The early and late potato disease epidemics are common in mountainous regions. Individual plots are relatively heavy. Ningxia Terminus personnel surveyed in Yuanzhou District on August 2 was found to have a relatively low incidence of 1% of the disease, and the diseased leaf rate was 0.2%. The incidence of heavier diseased plants was 80-90%, and the diseased leaf rate was about 10%. On August 3, the rate of diseased strains of late blight in Shagangzi, Huoshizhai, Sici was 10%, the diseased leaf rate was 1.5%, and the rate of diseased early blight was 96%. The diseased leaf rate was 12%; on August 4th, the incidence of potato late blight was 76.9%, the diseased plant rate was 54%, the diseased leaf rate was 40.9%, and the diseased leaf rate was the highest 86.9%. The area is about 2,000 acres.
Second, the future trend analysis Meteorological forecast in August irrigated areas with less precipitation, mountainous rainfall is more, the temperature is higher than usual, is expected: mild rice blast occurs, local high-density fields occur moderately light; rice planthoppers moderate Occurrence; corn leafhoppers, corn borers occur moderately, with moderate local emphasis; potato early and late blight occurs moderately, moderate local occurrence occurs.
III. Control strategies According to the current occurrence of corn leafhoppers, corn leaf spot, rice blast, and rice planthoppers, especially the temperature of corn leafhoppers, their reproduction speed and number will increase rapidly. The following aspects are carefully done to prevent and treat autumn grain pests and diseases:
1. The agro-technical extension departments at all levels, especially the regional meteorological stations, must strengthen monitoring and forecasting of major diseases and pests in autumn crops, and timely and accurately grasp the occurrence and development trends.
2, with the news department, give full play to television, radio coverage, transmission speed advantage, quickly transmit the outbreak of pests and diseases, increase publicity efforts, so that household names.
3, vigorously carry out prevention and control work. Give full play to the role of the plant protection machine defense team, carry out unified prevention and control of re-emergence areas, demonstrations and prevention, and promote large-scale prevention and control work, and take various effective measures to organize and mobilize farmers to take action as soon as possible to set off the upsurge of prevention and control. Prevention methods are as follows:
(1) Corn leafhoppers, aphids, and large patch disease: use diesel oil, dimethicone, emulsifiable concentrate, or powder, omethoate, avermectin, or ellamide, etc. The agents of corn borers such as acetamiprid, imidacloprid, etc., are diluted 1500-2000 times per acre, evenly sprayed, the dose is enough, and the liquid must be used. The field of large blight occurs at the same time, while controlling the corn leafhopper. Mu is added to "Indole (or Fujii No. 1)" 100ml or "70% mancozeb" or "50% carbendazim" WP 500 times spray.
(2) Rice Blast: The field where the leafhopper has already occurred should be used again and again. In the middle and early August, attention should be paid to the prevention and treatment of panicle blast. Each acre can be selected "30% Keyu San" EC or "40% Fuji No. 1" EC or "30% rice bran" 100 ml watered 50-60 kg, evenly spray.
(3) Rice planthoppers: Since the rice planthopper nymphs and nymphs prefer a wet environment and prefer to inhabit rice plants within 10 cm of the surface, the liquid must be sprayed to the base of the rice stalks to ensure sufficient liquid volume. And spray evenly. The control agent can be selected from 10% imidacloprid wettable powder or 10% fluocinon WP, 20-30 g/mu, 5% Ruijinte suspension or 25% Fenbibao wettable powder 40-50 g/mu. Water 30 kg spray. Observe the growth of rice in the field and increase the amount of liquid medicine.
(4) early and late potato disease: To adhere to the "prevention, prevention, prevention-based" principle of prevention and control, field strains should reach 10% of the timely application of pesticide control, the incidence of lighter after the rain as soon as possible after the organization General defense, interval 7-10 days depending on the extent of the disease, continuous prevention and treatment 2-3 times, can achieve better control effect. 58% of metalaxyl may be used as the control agent, 800 times of manganese zinc, or 40% of triethylphosphonate wettable powder 200 times, or silver floriate suspension 1000 times.

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